| 1 | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
|---|
| 2 | <html>
|
|---|
| 3 | <!-- Copyright (C) 2022 Richard Stallman and Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|---|
| 4 |
|
|---|
| 5 | (The work of Trevis Rothwell and Nelson Beebe has been assigned or
|
|---|
| 6 | licensed to the FSF.)
|
|---|
| 7 |
|
|---|
| 8 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
|---|
| 9 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
|
|---|
| 10 | any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
|
|---|
| 11 | Invariant Sections being "GNU General Public License," with the
|
|---|
| 12 | Front-Cover Texts being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover
|
|---|
| 13 | Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the
|
|---|
| 14 | section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License."
|
|---|
| 15 |
|
|---|
| 16 | (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy and
|
|---|
| 17 | modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in
|
|---|
| 18 | developing GNU and promoting software freedom." -->
|
|---|
| 19 | <!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.7, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
|
|---|
| 20 | <head>
|
|---|
| 21 | <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
|
|---|
| 22 | <title>Shift Hacks (GNU C Language Manual)</title>
|
|---|
| 23 |
|
|---|
| 24 | <meta name="description" content="Shift Hacks (GNU C Language Manual)">
|
|---|
| 25 | <meta name="keywords" content="Shift Hacks (GNU C Language Manual)">
|
|---|
| 26 | <meta name="resource-type" content="document">
|
|---|
| 27 | <meta name="distribution" content="global">
|
|---|
| 28 | <meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
|
|---|
| 29 | <link href="index.html" rel="start" title="Top">
|
|---|
| 30 | <link href="Symbol-Index.html" rel="index" title="Symbol Index">
|
|---|
| 31 | <link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
|
|---|
| 32 | <link href="Shift-Operations.html" rel="up" title="Shift Operations">
|
|---|
| 33 | <link href="Bitwise-Operations.html" rel="next" title="Bitwise Operations">
|
|---|
| 34 | <link href="Shift-Caveats.html" rel="prev" title="Shift Caveats">
|
|---|
| 35 | <style type="text/css">
|
|---|
| 36 | <!--
|
|---|
| 37 | a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
|
|---|
| 38 | blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em}
|
|---|
| 39 | div.display {margin-left: 3.2em}
|
|---|
| 40 | div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}
|
|---|
| 41 | div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
|
|---|
| 42 | kbd {font-style: oblique}
|
|---|
| 43 | pre.display {font-family: inherit}
|
|---|
| 44 | pre.format {font-family: inherit}
|
|---|
| 45 | pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif}
|
|---|
| 46 | pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif}
|
|---|
| 47 | span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap}
|
|---|
| 48 | span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal}
|
|---|
| 49 | span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal}
|
|---|
| 50 | ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
|
|---|
| 51 | -->
|
|---|
| 52 | </style>
|
|---|
| 53 |
|
|---|
| 54 |
|
|---|
| 55 | </head>
|
|---|
| 56 |
|
|---|
| 57 | <body lang="en">
|
|---|
| 58 | <span id="Shift-Hacks"></span><div class="header">
|
|---|
| 59 | <p>
|
|---|
| 60 | Previous: <a href="Shift-Caveats.html" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Shift Caveats</a>, Up: <a href="Shift-Operations.html" accesskey="u" rel="up">Shift Operations</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Symbol-Index.html" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
|
|---|
| 61 | </div>
|
|---|
| 62 | <hr>
|
|---|
| 63 | <span id="Shift-Hacks-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">6.7.3 Shift Hacks</h4>
|
|---|
| 64 |
|
|---|
| 65 | <p>You can use the shift operators for various useful hacks. For
|
|---|
| 66 | example, given a date specified by day of the month <code>d</code>, month
|
|---|
| 67 | <code>m</code>, and year <code>y</code>, you can store the entire date in a single
|
|---|
| 68 | integer <code>date</code>:
|
|---|
| 69 | </p>
|
|---|
| 70 | <div class="example">
|
|---|
| 71 | <pre class="example">unsigned int d = 12;
|
|---|
| 72 | unsigned int m = 6;
|
|---|
| 73 | unsigned int y = 1983;
|
|---|
| 74 | unsigned int date = ((y << 4) + m) << 5) + d;
|
|---|
| 75 | </pre></div>
|
|---|
| 76 |
|
|---|
| 77 | <p>To extract the original day, month, and year out of
|
|---|
| 78 | <code>date</code>, use a combination of shift and remainder.
|
|---|
| 79 | </p>
|
|---|
| 80 | <div class="example">
|
|---|
| 81 | <pre class="example">d = date % 32;
|
|---|
| 82 | m = (date >> 5) % 16;
|
|---|
| 83 | y = date >> 9;
|
|---|
| 84 | </pre></div>
|
|---|
| 85 |
|
|---|
| 86 | <p><code>-1 << LOWBITS</code> is a clever way to make an integer whose
|
|---|
| 87 | <code>LOWBITS</code> lowest bits are all 0 and the rest are all 1.
|
|---|
| 88 | <code>-(1 << LOWBITS)</code> is equivalent to that, due to associativity of
|
|---|
| 89 | multiplication, since negating a value is equivalent to multiplying it
|
|---|
| 90 | by -1.
|
|---|
| 91 | </p>
|
|---|
| 92 |
|
|---|
| 93 |
|
|---|
| 94 |
|
|---|
| 95 | </body>
|
|---|
| 96 | </html>
|
|---|
