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| 22 | <title>Maximum and Minimum Values (GNU C Language Manual)</title>
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| 57 | <body lang="en">
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| 58 | <span id="Maximum-and-Minimum-Values"></span><div class="header">
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| 59 | <p>
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| 60 | Previous: <a href="Integer-Representations.html" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Integer Representations</a>, Up: <a href="Integers-in-Depth.html" accesskey="u" rel="up">Integers in Depth</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Symbol-Index.html" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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| 61 | </div>
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| 62 | <hr>
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| 63 | <span id="Maximum-and-Minimum-Values-1"></span><h3 class="section">27.2 Maximum and Minimum Values</h3>
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| 64 | <span id="index-maximum-integer-values"></span>
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| 65 | <span id="index-minimum-integer-values"></span>
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| 66 | <span id="index-integer-ranges"></span>
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| 67 | <span id="index-ranges-of-integer-types"></span>
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| 68 | <span id="index-INT_005fMAX"></span>
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| 69 | <span id="index-UINT_005fMAX"></span>
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| 70 | <span id="index-SHRT_005fMAX"></span>
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| 71 | <span id="index-LONG_005fMAX"></span>
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| 72 | <span id="index-LLONG_005fMAX"></span>
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| 73 | <span id="index-USHRT_005fMAX"></span>
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| 74 | <span id="index-ULONG_005fMAX"></span>
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| 75 | <span id="index-ULLONG_005fMAX"></span>
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| 76 | <span id="index-CHAR_005fMAX"></span>
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| 77 | <span id="index-SCHAR_005fMAX"></span>
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| 78 | <span id="index-UCHAR_005fMAX"></span>
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| 79 |
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| 80 | <p>For each primitive integer type, there is a standard macro defined in
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| 81 | <samp>limits.h</samp> that gives the largest value that type can hold. For
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| 82 | instance, for type <code>int</code>, the maximum value is <code>INT_MAX</code>.
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| 83 | On a 32-bit computer, that is equal to 2,147,483,647. The
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| 84 | maximum value for <code>unsigned int</code> is <code>UINT_MAX</code>, which on a
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| 85 | 32-bit computer is equal to 4,294,967,295. Likewise, there are
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| 86 | <code>SHRT_MAX</code>, <code>LONG_MAX</code>, and <code>LLONG_MAX</code>, and
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| 87 | corresponding unsigned limits <code>USHRT_MAX</code>, <code>ULONG_MAX</code>, and
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| 88 | <code>ULLONG_MAX</code>.
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| 89 | </p>
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| 90 | <p>Since there are three ways to specify a <code>char</code> type, there are
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| 91 | also three limits: <code>CHAR_MAX</code>, <code>SCHAR_MAX</code>, and
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| 92 | <code>UCHAR_MAX</code>.
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| 93 | </p>
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| 94 | <p>For each type that is or might be signed, there is another symbol that
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| 95 | gives the minimum value it can hold. (Just replace <code>MAX</code> with
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| 96 | <code>MIN</code> in the names listed above.) There is no minimum limit
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| 97 | symbol for types specified with <code>unsigned</code> because the
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| 98 | minimum for them is universally zero.
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| 99 | </p>
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| 100 | <p><code>INT_MIN</code> is not the negative of <code>INT_MAX</code>. In
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| 101 | two’s-complement representation, the most negative number is 1 less
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| 102 | than the negative of the most positive number. Thus, <code>INT_MIN</code>
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| 103 | on a 32-bit computer has the value -2,147,483,648. You can’t
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| 104 | actually write the value that way in C, since it would overflow.
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| 105 | That’s a good reason to use <code>INT_MIN</code> to specify
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| 106 | that value. Its definition is written to avoid overflow.
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| 107 | </p>
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| 108 |
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| 109 |
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| 110 |
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| 111 |
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